Table 2

Clinical evaluation outcomes from the Disability of arm shoulder and hand (DASH) questionnaire, SF-36 eight domain scores, ULTT3 (number of positive tests) pain threshold scores (values in brackets are normalized to third nail bed; D3), grip and pinch-grip strength for the at-risk, NSAP and LE groups.

At-risk
 NSAP
 LE

n
 Mean ± SD
 n
 Mean ± SD
 n
 Mean ± SD
DASH





     Disability score
 8
 0.66 ± 1.29*
 16
 23.83 ± 12.96**
 11
 32.39 ± 15.10**
     Work module
 8
 0.00 ± 0.00*
 15
 35.22 ± 31.59**
 11
 28.98 ± 26.56
     Sport/art module
 4
 0.00 ± 0.00*
 9
 68.06 ± 29.22**
 7
 56.3 ± 27.2**
SF-36





     Physical functioning
 8
 97.50 ± 3.78*
 15
 82.00 ± 18.01**
 11
 75.45 ± 17.39**
     Role physical
 8
 100.00 ± 0.0*
 16
 62.50 ± 38.76**
 11
 50.00 ± 41.83**
     Bodily pain
 8
 88.50 ± 10.35*
 16
 57.38 ± 18.75**
 11
 47.36 ± 21.72**
     General health
 8
 84.88 ± 5.51
 16
 73.12 ± 20.04
 11
 68.27 ± 20.65
     Vitality
 8
 73.75 ± 11.88*
 16
 61.56 ± 18.86
 11
 53.18 ± 19.01**
     Social functioning
 8
 98.44 ± 4.42
 16
 84.38 ± 17.38
 11
 77.27 ± 31.03
     Emotional role
 8
 83.33 ± 30.86
 16
 83.33 ± 32.20
 11
 81.82 ± 27.34
     Mental health
 8
 88.00 ± 9.32
 16
 76.50 ± 16.58
 11
 73.09 ± 16.88







ULLT3 (n positive)
 8
 0
 16
 0
 11
 5
Pain Threshold (kg/cm2)





     D3
 8
 10.38 ± 5.87
 16
 12.87 ± 5.95
 11
 15.03 ± 6.23
     ECRB
 8
 8.03 ± 4.82 (77%)*
 16
 5.78 ± 3.49 (45%)**
 11
 7.34 ± 4.16 (49%)
     FCR
 8
 10.74 ± 6.73 (103%)
 16
 9.18 ± 5.06 (71%)
 11
 9.72 ± 4.86 (65%)
     BB
 8
 8.48 ± 3.59 (82%)
 16
 9.08 ± 4.74 (71%)
 11
 10.65 ± 6.24 (71%)
     TB
 8
 9.34 ± 4.72 (90%)*
 16
 8.28 ± 5.02 (64%)**
 11
 12.58 ± 6.72 (84%)
Grip strength (kg)
 8
 31.75 ± 5.56
 16
 33.95 ± 13.06
 11
 33.02 ± 12.53
Pinch-grip strength (kg)
 8
 7.39 ± 7.62
 16
 9.41 ± 3.89
 11
 11.14 ± 4.28

Parameters marked with * are significantly different from the other groups parameters marked with ** (p < 0.05)

Calder et al. Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation 2008 5:34   doi:10.1186/1743-0003-5-34